I think we should try it. At least Australia has experience dealing with such things.
JK Not really.
I'm pretty sure that a fair number of the original US colonists arrived because their other options were prison or hanging or something.
Tom
Debtor's prison, most often. People who committed capital crimes could not generally escape the noose by moving to Massachusetts. The problems were prison overcrowding in the UK, and desire for cheap indentured labor here, not lack of stomach for executions. Even if you transported them, who's going to want to hire a
murderer for a domestic servant, cheaply or no?
My impression is that it included people guilty of fairly minor offenses.
Exactly. Though attitudes about crime and punishment in general were very different in the 18th century. Not easy to map to current sensibilities.
Debtors were one of the
least likely classes of criminals to be transported to the colonies. Most transportees were theives of various kinds (including fences and handlers of stolen goods); Forgers, fraudsters, and coiners were also quite well represented.
The English legal system had capital punishment as the 'standard' sentence for such crimes, but it was believed that showing mercy by reducing the death penalty to one of transportation, would improve the public perception of the law.
Of course, in an era before police, much less detectives, forensics, photography, fingerprints, or really anything other than eyewitness testimony, the average thief correctly expected not to be caught. And the law responded by increasing the severity of sentences - up to hanging - for any who were, even for fairly trivial offences. But this was so obviously unfair that it regularly led to civil unrest. Royal intervention to pardon offenders was widely used (a legal mechanism that today survives in the US Presidential pardon, long after it disappeared from English legal practice). But a middle ground - a way to show leniency, but without allowing offenders to get away without any punishment at all, was needed.
Prison as a sentence (rather than as a place to hold people while they awaited the carrying out of their sentence) was only really used for debtors. So it was all the other criminals, who were legally bound for the gallows, but who were not murderers, rapists, sodomites, or otherwise similarly irredeemable, who were instead placed out of sight and out of mind, by sending them to effective slavery in the colonies.