For those not familiar with the story of why there are at least eight different heroes that have used the name Captain Marvel:
Carol Danvers, the one getting a movie in the MCU
Shazam was originally known as Captain Marvel. The rights to the character was purchased by DC comics, which made a paperwork error that made it possible for Marvel comics to steal the copyright to the name if they could publish a comic book with that name fast enough.
Shazam/Billy Baston (DC), the original character to have the name
Thus was born Mar-Vell, a Kree (alien) scientist who could make himself look human. There is no need to discuss the details of the original character except that he was badly written because Marvel slapped him together at the last minute for a very cynical reason. Fans didn't like the comic book because the main character was poorly written, but they had to keep publishing it if they wanted to hold on to the copyright to the name.
Mar-Vell, copyright thief
Marvel was now in the unenviable position of being forced to publish a comic book that fans didn't actually like.
In desperation, they passed title/mantle to other characters. The name passed through five other characters (including an African-American woman) as Marvel desperately flailed around trying to find a version of the character that fans actually liked.
Monica Rambeau, who got more interesting after Marvel gave her a different superhero name
It wasn't until Marvel passed the mantle to a character that was effectively the girlfriend/sidekick of the original Captain Marvel (Ms Marvel) that Marvel hit upon a version of the hero that fans actually liked. That was how Ms. Marvel became Captain Marvel. (This also freed up use of the hero name Ms Marvel for what is now Marvel's
most popular Asian hero.)
Anyway, Kevin Feige has declared that Carol Danvers will be the official Big Dog of the MCU superpower-wise (one of her powers is that the harder you hit her, the stronger she gets, so yes she can beat up the likes of Hulk or Thor), so I fully expect that at some point she will get the crap beat out of her just like what happened with the Hulk at the beginning of the third Avengers movie, and that this will happen just to establish how strong a villain is. Tropes are trope for a reason.
It happened to both Hulk and Thor, and it'll eventually happen to the movie version of Superman as well as to Carol Danvers.
If there are any little girls who enjoy the Captain Marvel/Carol Danvers movie, I figure someone should soften the blow and prepare them for what it means to be the strongest hero in a serialized sci-fi franchise.
More on the different incarnations of Captain Marvel:
https://geekmom.com/2018/02/many-captain-marvels-anyway/