Copernicus
Industrial Grade Linguist
Stalin forced through an Industrial Revolution, and then the Cold War demanded that they have a Technological Revolution too, but these weren't organic developments by a people who were actively modernising, they were "cargo cult" revolutions imposed by a dictatorship that was desperate to keep up with the Jones's.
According to historian Timothy Snyder in his book Bloodlands, one of the major reasons for Stalin's murder of millions of Ukrainian farmers through mass starvation in the Holodomor was to force a system of collective farming on them and drive much of the rural population into the cities as an industry workforce. The Russian Communists had always felt that their revolution would start in an industrialized nation, especially Germany, which had an active Communist movement. Russia had a largely agricultural economy, which did not work well for their ideological goals. So they had hoped to expand their revolution to the industrialized Western Europe, and this was one of reasons that Stalin wanted to come to some accommodation with Hitler before the inevitable clash. The Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact was part of that strategy. Like WWI, WWII was largely a competition between the German-dominated and Russian-dominated empires to expand into each other's territories.