Both safeguard health. I realise your religion does not allow you to acknowledge that the second question does.A personal question that safeguards health: are you pregnant (or may you become pregnant)?
A nonsensical question that does not: are you ("male"/"female")?
I love the scare quotes on male and female. Nice touch.
By the way, I strongly suggest you refuse health care where the provider asks your sex or obtains it some other way.