The West needs to find ways to attack that wouldn't merit Russian escalation
By definition, that's impossible.
Russia (Putin) could decide to escalate for any reason - or for no reason at all.
He has already done so, several times.
Every time we step back from action because we fear escalation, we make escalation a more desirable option for Putin.
The only solution to to stop being cowardly. The sooner we do that, the less damaging it will be; The longer we go on appeasing to avoid escalation, the worse the outcome will be when we eventually say "no more".